Gateway – A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon different networking models. They basically work as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more complex than switch or router.
The
gateways are used to connect two networks that do not communicate with the same
network protocol, so it is necessary to translate these protocols between
both networks.
Characteristics of Gateways
1. Gateways provide full protocol conversion from one proprietary LAN technology to another, i.e. Ethernet to token ring or FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) or any other standard or protocol rather than encapsulation.
2. Uses higher layers of the OSI model, perhaps through layer 7, the application layer. IBM SNA(Systems Network Architecture), DECnet, Internet TCP/IP and other protocols can be converted from network-to-network.
3.
Unlike bridges and routers, gateways operate slowly because of protocol
conversion. So, they may create bottlenecks of congestion during periods of
peak usage.
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